Monday, September 29, 2008
"Pertahankan Kedaulatan Bahasa Melayu"
Dalam membentuk jatidiri bangsa Malaysia seseorang itu harus memahami sejarah asal usul kelahiran Malaysia ini. Apa yang dapat dilihat pada hari ini ialah sikap sesetengah masyarakat yangg memandang enteng dan hina akan penggunaan Bahasa Melayu.Ini dapat dilihat apabila Bahasa Kebangsaan kita telah ditekan dan diabaikan. Melihat bagaimana pengajaran Sains dan Matematik dalam Bahasa Inggeris jelas menunjukkan kerajaan tidak yakin dengan keupayaan Bahasa Melayu itu sendiri. Apabila perkara ini diimplementasikan pada generasi muda maka lahirlah generasi muda yang berfikiran ala barat. Ini dapat dilihat pada kebanyakkan pelajar-pelajar bandar lebih gemar memakai pakaian dari barat, bertutur dalam Bahasa Inggeris atau saya lebih menggelarkan mereka ini pelajar "speaking". Bagaimana kita nak membentuk jati diri bangsa sekiranya kita sendiri tidak yakin dengan Bahasa Melayu itu sendiri. Perkara ini diakui sendiri oleh Professor Dr. Mohd Fadzil Che Din Pengarah Institut Kajian Sosial Malaysia di mana beliau menyatakan jikalau hasrat kerajaan ingin menaik tarfkan Bahasa Inggeris dikalangan pelajar sekarang, pengajaran Sains dan Matematik dalam Bahasa Inggeris tidak dapat membantu perkembangan Bahasa Inggeris itu sendiri. Perkara ini menimbulkan pelbagai masalah dikalangan pelajar pedalaman, masalahnya kerjaan ingin menyelesaikan satu masalah tetapi masalah yang lebih teruk timbul.... renung-renugkan
Tuesday, August 12, 2008
Pemerkasaan Bahasa Melayu Dalam Pembinaan Tamadun : Apa Peranan Mahasiswa?
Pengertian tamadun jika dilihat dari sudut pandangan dunia menjurus kepada kejayaan sesebuah bangsa atau negara itu. Kejayaan yang dimaksudkan ialah dari segi ekonominya, sosialnya dan pemerintahannya.
Pembangunan sesebuah tamadun itu lebih terkait dengan pembudayaan budaya ilmu dalam kehidupan pemerintahan mahupun rakyatnya. Tamadun bangsa yang paling awal wujud ialah tamadun Rom. Suatu ketika dahulu Rom dianggap sebagai sebuah bangsa yang bertamadun iaitu ia berjaya mewujudkan satu sistem pemerintahan yang sistematik dan komprehensif. Jika dilihat dari segi keadaan sosialnya, Rom jauh lebih kehadapan berbanding bangsa-bangsa lain yang wujud ketika itu.
Kejayaan yang dikecapi oleh Rom ini sedikit sebanyak membawa kepada perasaan iri hati oleh bangsa lain terutama kaum biadab yang terdiri daripada suku bangsa Jerman yang pada suatu ketika dipimpin oleh Attila. Kaum ini telah berjaya mengganas dan menakluk Imperaturia Rom sebelum abad ke 6 Masihi. Tetapi apa yang berlaku selepas itu, bangsa ini telah kalah dan terpaksa menerima kembali sistem pentadbiran Rom. Ini telah diakui sendiri oleh Ibn Khaldun di mana sesebuah bangsa atau kaum yang hanya ditunjangi oleh kekuatan semata-mata tidak mampu bertahan lama. Antara contoh lain yang boleh dikemukakan ialah apabila bangsa Mongolia yang dipimpin oleh Genghis Khan yang berjaya menakluk China dan sebahagian negara Islam telah tertewas dengan sistem dan budaya negara atau bangsa yang ditakluki. Sebagai contoh bangsa Mongolia yang berjaya menawan negara China terpaksa mengguna pakai sistem dan budaya hidup negara yang ditawan. Ini menunjukkan kelemahan sesuatu bangsa yang hanya mampu untuk menakluk dengan kekuataan tetapi tidak mampu mentadbir negara tersebut dengan acuan sendiri. Disebabkan itu, Professor Dr. Wan Mohd Nor Wan Daud menggariskan bahawa untuk sesuatu bangsa itu berjaya menjadi sebuah bangsa yang bertamadun, bangsa itu harus menguasai budaya ilmu. Tanpa penguasaan ilmu sesuatu bangsa tersebut tidak mampu berdiri sendiri dan berjaya.
Bangsa Melayu
Bangsa Melayu suatu ketika dahulu terkenal sebagai salah satu kuasa besar dunia (sebelum kejatuhan kerajaan Melaka pada 1511) di mana ketika zaman kegemilangan Melaka pedagang-pedagang dari barat dan timur mengakui Melaka sebagai sebuah pelabuhan yang menawarkan perkhidmatan terbaik kepada pedagang. Tetapi zaman kegemilangan bangsa Melayu hanya berakhir di situ, penjajahan oleh pihak Portugis dan perebutan kuasa di kalangan pembesar Melayu membantutkan pembinaan tamadun Melayu.
Ya, jika pembinaan tamadun Melayu menjadi realiti, kawasan Asia Tenggara yang terkenal dengan kawasan “Malay Archipelago” ini mampu menjadi suatu kuasa besar dunia. Penjajah yang datang menjajah Tanah Melayu telah berjaya merubah pemikiran orang Melayu dari menjadi bangsa yang bercita-cita tinggi kepada rakyat yang hanya menjadi petani. Sejarah telah membuktikan bahawa kerajaan British telah mengamalkan dasar pecah dan perintah. Kaum Cina diberikan tempat-tempat di kawasan bandar, kaum India bekerja di ladang-ladang dan kaum Melayu bekerja sebagai petani. Walaupun negara kita telah Merdeka lebih 50 tahun, kaum Melayu masih gagal menguasai ekonomi negara ini. Tambahan desakan-desakan yang dilakukan oleh kaum lain dengan pelbagai permintaan menyebabkan kaum Melayu tersepit di negara sendiri.
Kita mengambil contoh Republik Singapura iaitu jiran terdekat kita, masyarakat Melayunya sudah dipinggirkan hampir 40 tahun selepas kemerdekaan. Perkara ini berlaku sebelum zaman kemerdekaan Singapura lagi dan ia berlanjutan hingga ke zaman sekarang. Masyarakat Melayu Singapura telah dipinggirkan dari segi sosioekonomi, pelajaran dan politik. Jurang ekonomi di Singapura semakin ketara iaitu pada tahun 1957 sebanyak 2.3 % yang meningkat kepada 4.1 % pada 1970 dan 9.6 % pada tahun 1980. Pada tahun 1980-an, masyarakat Cina terus menikmati mobiliti pekerjaan yang lebih tinggi berbanding kaum lain. Ini sekaligus menunjukkan ketidakstabilan antara kaum yang wujud di Singapura.
Kita lihat pula senario politik yang berlaku di negara lain seperti Thailand di mana masyarakat Melayu Islam di selatan negara tersebut dituduh pengganas oleh pihak kerajaan. Tindakan ganas dan zalim sering dikenakan terhadap masyarakat Islam di selatan Thai. Perkara yang sama turut berlaku terhadap masyarakat Melayu Islam di Mindanao. Ini jelas memperlihatkan bangsa Melayu ditekan dan terus ditekan oleh bangsa lain dari semua aspek.
Bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa tamadun
Bahasa Melayu dikenali sebagai Lingua Franca di peringkat dunia. Malangnya di negara sendiri bahasa Melayu seolah-olah dipinggirkan. Perlu diketahui bahawa Bahasa Melayu ini adalah bahasa pengantar utama di dalam negara kita dan ia juga memainkan peranan sebagai alat perpaduan antara semua kaum . Bahasa Melayu menjadi bahasa kebangsaan, bahasa rasmi dan bahasa pengantar utama dalam sistem pendidikan Malaysia. Jelas menunjukkan Bahasa Melayu adalah asas penting kepada keperibadian atau jatidiri kebangsaan Malaysia.
Keadaan yang berlaku hari ini jauh menyimpang dari tujuan asal pengwujudan sistem pendidikan negara yang berasaskan Penyata Razak dan Laporan Rahman Talib. Perkara yang menjadi kerisauan pejuang bahasa pada tahun 1995 dahulu mengenai kemungkinan wujudnya dua aliran pendidikan diperingkat tinggi iaitu aliran Melayu dan aliran Inggeris telah pun berlaku pada hari ini dimana kebanyakkan universiti awam di negara ini telah mengambil pendekatan menggunakan Bahasa Inggeris sebagai bahasa pengantar dalam pengajian jurusan sains. Saban hari, Bahasa Melayu dilihat semakin terancam. Sektor-sektor swasta di negara ini juga lebih menitikberatkan penguasaan Bahasa Inggeris berbanding Bahasa Melayu. Kononnya Bahasa Melayu ini tidak kompetitif dalam menjadikan Malaysia maju pada masa mendatang.
Ini adalah mentaliti orang tidak ada pendirian dan cepat berputus asa dalam melakukan sesuatu pekerjaan. Kita mengambil contoh negara Jepun yang bangga dengan bahasanya sendiri dan menggunkan bahasanya untuk menjadi bangsa yang maju. Korea adalah salah satu contoh yang sama perihalnya dengan Jepun. Kita teliti pula negara-negara yang menggunakan bahasa selain bahasa ibundanya, Filipina contohnya, tidak berjaya untuk menjadi negara maju walaupun bahasa pengantarnya Bahasa Inggeris. Perkara yang sama turut berlaku di India, walaupun India sekarang menjadi gerbang teknologi maklumat tetapi teknologi yang digunakan adalah teknologi yang dibawa dari Amerika Syarikat.
Tindakan kerajaan yang ingin menjadikan Malaysia pusat kecemerlangan pendidikan serantau telah mengakibatkan Bahasa Melayu dipinggirkan dan kemungkinan besar dalam tempoh 10-15 tahun lagi Bahasa Melayu akan menjadi sepertimana Bahasa Jawi dahulu.
Peranan mahasiswa
Apabila bercakap mengenai pembinaan tamadun, masyarakat akan memandang mahasiswa sebagai organ utama dalam merealisasikan tamadun sesebuah bangsa itu.
Untuk merealisasikan pembinaan tamadun Melayu ini, mahasiswa harus memainkan peranan dalam memperjuangkan soal kebangkitan bahasa ibunda iaitu kebangkitan Bahasa Melayu.
Mengapa kita sebagai mahasiswa perlu mengambil peranan dalam memperjuangkan isu bahasa ini? Antara faktor-faktor mahasiswa harus melaksanakan tanggungjawab ini ialah:
• Pembinaan jatidiri sesuatu bangsa itu harus dimulai dengan mencintai bahasa ibundanya
• Kemajuan sesuatu bangsa itu bukannya bergantung kepada bahasa asing.
• Masyarakat akan mudah terpengaruh dengan budaya-budaya negatif yang datang dari barat.
• Harus melihat kembali bagaimana kejayaan empayar Islam suatu ketika dahulu yang telah menjadi tamadun yang gemilang melangkaui tamadun sedia ada dan sebelumnya.
• Kebimbangan penggunaan Bahasa Melayu ini akan terhakis sedikit demi sedikit hingga kepada pemansuhan Bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa pengantar seperti yang berlaku kepada bahasa jawi.
Tanggungjawab mahasiswa:
• Memupuk kesedaran di kalangan mahasiswa tentang peri pentingnya mencintai dan menghargai bahasa ibunda.
• Mendesak pihak kerajaan untuk menukar kembali penggunaan bahasa Inggeris dalam Sains dan Matematik kepada bahasa Melayu.
• Mengadakan perbincangan yang secara ulang tetap di antara tenaga pengajar, pelajar dan pentadbir universisti serta pihak swasta.
• Mendesak penggunaan bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa kebangsaan dan bahasa rasmi dengan tegas.
• Meningkatkan penulisan dan penterjemahan buku-buku, makalah-makalah ilmiah.
• Mendidik diri untuk menjadi professional serta pejuang bahasa.
Pembangunan sesebuah tamadun itu lebih terkait dengan pembudayaan budaya ilmu dalam kehidupan pemerintahan mahupun rakyatnya. Tamadun bangsa yang paling awal wujud ialah tamadun Rom. Suatu ketika dahulu Rom dianggap sebagai sebuah bangsa yang bertamadun iaitu ia berjaya mewujudkan satu sistem pemerintahan yang sistematik dan komprehensif. Jika dilihat dari segi keadaan sosialnya, Rom jauh lebih kehadapan berbanding bangsa-bangsa lain yang wujud ketika itu.
Kejayaan yang dikecapi oleh Rom ini sedikit sebanyak membawa kepada perasaan iri hati oleh bangsa lain terutama kaum biadab yang terdiri daripada suku bangsa Jerman yang pada suatu ketika dipimpin oleh Attila. Kaum ini telah berjaya mengganas dan menakluk Imperaturia Rom sebelum abad ke 6 Masihi. Tetapi apa yang berlaku selepas itu, bangsa ini telah kalah dan terpaksa menerima kembali sistem pentadbiran Rom. Ini telah diakui sendiri oleh Ibn Khaldun di mana sesebuah bangsa atau kaum yang hanya ditunjangi oleh kekuatan semata-mata tidak mampu bertahan lama. Antara contoh lain yang boleh dikemukakan ialah apabila bangsa Mongolia yang dipimpin oleh Genghis Khan yang berjaya menakluk China dan sebahagian negara Islam telah tertewas dengan sistem dan budaya negara atau bangsa yang ditakluki. Sebagai contoh bangsa Mongolia yang berjaya menawan negara China terpaksa mengguna pakai sistem dan budaya hidup negara yang ditawan. Ini menunjukkan kelemahan sesuatu bangsa yang hanya mampu untuk menakluk dengan kekuataan tetapi tidak mampu mentadbir negara tersebut dengan acuan sendiri. Disebabkan itu, Professor Dr. Wan Mohd Nor Wan Daud menggariskan bahawa untuk sesuatu bangsa itu berjaya menjadi sebuah bangsa yang bertamadun, bangsa itu harus menguasai budaya ilmu. Tanpa penguasaan ilmu sesuatu bangsa tersebut tidak mampu berdiri sendiri dan berjaya.
Bangsa Melayu
Bangsa Melayu suatu ketika dahulu terkenal sebagai salah satu kuasa besar dunia (sebelum kejatuhan kerajaan Melaka pada 1511) di mana ketika zaman kegemilangan Melaka pedagang-pedagang dari barat dan timur mengakui Melaka sebagai sebuah pelabuhan yang menawarkan perkhidmatan terbaik kepada pedagang. Tetapi zaman kegemilangan bangsa Melayu hanya berakhir di situ, penjajahan oleh pihak Portugis dan perebutan kuasa di kalangan pembesar Melayu membantutkan pembinaan tamadun Melayu.
Ya, jika pembinaan tamadun Melayu menjadi realiti, kawasan Asia Tenggara yang terkenal dengan kawasan “Malay Archipelago” ini mampu menjadi suatu kuasa besar dunia. Penjajah yang datang menjajah Tanah Melayu telah berjaya merubah pemikiran orang Melayu dari menjadi bangsa yang bercita-cita tinggi kepada rakyat yang hanya menjadi petani. Sejarah telah membuktikan bahawa kerajaan British telah mengamalkan dasar pecah dan perintah. Kaum Cina diberikan tempat-tempat di kawasan bandar, kaum India bekerja di ladang-ladang dan kaum Melayu bekerja sebagai petani. Walaupun negara kita telah Merdeka lebih 50 tahun, kaum Melayu masih gagal menguasai ekonomi negara ini. Tambahan desakan-desakan yang dilakukan oleh kaum lain dengan pelbagai permintaan menyebabkan kaum Melayu tersepit di negara sendiri.
Kita mengambil contoh Republik Singapura iaitu jiran terdekat kita, masyarakat Melayunya sudah dipinggirkan hampir 40 tahun selepas kemerdekaan. Perkara ini berlaku sebelum zaman kemerdekaan Singapura lagi dan ia berlanjutan hingga ke zaman sekarang. Masyarakat Melayu Singapura telah dipinggirkan dari segi sosioekonomi, pelajaran dan politik. Jurang ekonomi di Singapura semakin ketara iaitu pada tahun 1957 sebanyak 2.3 % yang meningkat kepada 4.1 % pada 1970 dan 9.6 % pada tahun 1980. Pada tahun 1980-an, masyarakat Cina terus menikmati mobiliti pekerjaan yang lebih tinggi berbanding kaum lain. Ini sekaligus menunjukkan ketidakstabilan antara kaum yang wujud di Singapura.
Kita lihat pula senario politik yang berlaku di negara lain seperti Thailand di mana masyarakat Melayu Islam di selatan negara tersebut dituduh pengganas oleh pihak kerajaan. Tindakan ganas dan zalim sering dikenakan terhadap masyarakat Islam di selatan Thai. Perkara yang sama turut berlaku terhadap masyarakat Melayu Islam di Mindanao. Ini jelas memperlihatkan bangsa Melayu ditekan dan terus ditekan oleh bangsa lain dari semua aspek.
Bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa tamadun
Bahasa Melayu dikenali sebagai Lingua Franca di peringkat dunia. Malangnya di negara sendiri bahasa Melayu seolah-olah dipinggirkan. Perlu diketahui bahawa Bahasa Melayu ini adalah bahasa pengantar utama di dalam negara kita dan ia juga memainkan peranan sebagai alat perpaduan antara semua kaum . Bahasa Melayu menjadi bahasa kebangsaan, bahasa rasmi dan bahasa pengantar utama dalam sistem pendidikan Malaysia. Jelas menunjukkan Bahasa Melayu adalah asas penting kepada keperibadian atau jatidiri kebangsaan Malaysia.
Keadaan yang berlaku hari ini jauh menyimpang dari tujuan asal pengwujudan sistem pendidikan negara yang berasaskan Penyata Razak dan Laporan Rahman Talib. Perkara yang menjadi kerisauan pejuang bahasa pada tahun 1995 dahulu mengenai kemungkinan wujudnya dua aliran pendidikan diperingkat tinggi iaitu aliran Melayu dan aliran Inggeris telah pun berlaku pada hari ini dimana kebanyakkan universiti awam di negara ini telah mengambil pendekatan menggunakan Bahasa Inggeris sebagai bahasa pengantar dalam pengajian jurusan sains. Saban hari, Bahasa Melayu dilihat semakin terancam. Sektor-sektor swasta di negara ini juga lebih menitikberatkan penguasaan Bahasa Inggeris berbanding Bahasa Melayu. Kononnya Bahasa Melayu ini tidak kompetitif dalam menjadikan Malaysia maju pada masa mendatang.
Ini adalah mentaliti orang tidak ada pendirian dan cepat berputus asa dalam melakukan sesuatu pekerjaan. Kita mengambil contoh negara Jepun yang bangga dengan bahasanya sendiri dan menggunkan bahasanya untuk menjadi bangsa yang maju. Korea adalah salah satu contoh yang sama perihalnya dengan Jepun. Kita teliti pula negara-negara yang menggunakan bahasa selain bahasa ibundanya, Filipina contohnya, tidak berjaya untuk menjadi negara maju walaupun bahasa pengantarnya Bahasa Inggeris. Perkara yang sama turut berlaku di India, walaupun India sekarang menjadi gerbang teknologi maklumat tetapi teknologi yang digunakan adalah teknologi yang dibawa dari Amerika Syarikat.
Tindakan kerajaan yang ingin menjadikan Malaysia pusat kecemerlangan pendidikan serantau telah mengakibatkan Bahasa Melayu dipinggirkan dan kemungkinan besar dalam tempoh 10-15 tahun lagi Bahasa Melayu akan menjadi sepertimana Bahasa Jawi dahulu.
Peranan mahasiswa
Apabila bercakap mengenai pembinaan tamadun, masyarakat akan memandang mahasiswa sebagai organ utama dalam merealisasikan tamadun sesebuah bangsa itu.
Untuk merealisasikan pembinaan tamadun Melayu ini, mahasiswa harus memainkan peranan dalam memperjuangkan soal kebangkitan bahasa ibunda iaitu kebangkitan Bahasa Melayu.
Mengapa kita sebagai mahasiswa perlu mengambil peranan dalam memperjuangkan isu bahasa ini? Antara faktor-faktor mahasiswa harus melaksanakan tanggungjawab ini ialah:
• Pembinaan jatidiri sesuatu bangsa itu harus dimulai dengan mencintai bahasa ibundanya
• Kemajuan sesuatu bangsa itu bukannya bergantung kepada bahasa asing.
• Masyarakat akan mudah terpengaruh dengan budaya-budaya negatif yang datang dari barat.
• Harus melihat kembali bagaimana kejayaan empayar Islam suatu ketika dahulu yang telah menjadi tamadun yang gemilang melangkaui tamadun sedia ada dan sebelumnya.
• Kebimbangan penggunaan Bahasa Melayu ini akan terhakis sedikit demi sedikit hingga kepada pemansuhan Bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa pengantar seperti yang berlaku kepada bahasa jawi.
Tanggungjawab mahasiswa:
• Memupuk kesedaran di kalangan mahasiswa tentang peri pentingnya mencintai dan menghargai bahasa ibunda.
• Mendesak pihak kerajaan untuk menukar kembali penggunaan bahasa Inggeris dalam Sains dan Matematik kepada bahasa Melayu.
• Mengadakan perbincangan yang secara ulang tetap di antara tenaga pengajar, pelajar dan pentadbir universisti serta pihak swasta.
• Mendesak penggunaan bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa kebangsaan dan bahasa rasmi dengan tegas.
• Meningkatkan penulisan dan penterjemahan buku-buku, makalah-makalah ilmiah.
• Mendidik diri untuk menjadi professional serta pejuang bahasa.
Tuesday, May 13, 2008
Pengalaman Menghadiri Persidangan Dewan Rakyat
Pada 12 Mei yang lalu terdetik aku untuk menghadiri persidangan dewan rakyat di dewan parlimen. Niatku hampir terhalang kerana di awal-awal lagi aku telah ditahan dari memasuki dewan rakyat dek kerana tidak mempunyai surat yang membenarkan ku memasuki parlimen. Akhirnya setelah ku meminta dan memohon kepada pegawai keselamatan aku di benarkan masuk. Tatkala berada di dewan rakyat ku dapat melihat ahli-ahli parlimen yang terkenal seperti YB Dato' Nasarudin Mat Isa, YB Tuan Guru Datuk Haji Abdul Hadi Awang, selain itu, ku dapat juga berjumpa dengan Menteri Beli dan Menteri Pelajaran. Selang beberapa jam lobi dewan menjadi ceria kerana YAB Dato Seri IR Nizar memasuki Lobi dewan. Beliau dikerumuni para wartawan bagaikan seorang tokoh terkenal. Ku melihat gelagat para wartawan menanyakan soalan kepada YAB Menteri Besar Perak,,hehe mungkin ini penangan orang Perak yang berjaya mencuri tumpuan wartawan. Aku turut mengambil peluang bersalaman dengan tokoh Perak ini. Bersalaman dengan beliau adalah harapanku sejak beliau menjadi Menteri Besar Perak. Sebelum ini aku ingatkan Menteri Besar Perak ini berasal dari Jemaah Islah Malaysia, ternyata andaianku meleset. Abangku merupakan sahabat karib kepada beliau. Mereka bersama-sama menubuhkan satu jemaah yang bernama Suara Islam ketika belajar di United Kingdom satu ketika dahulu. Tujuan parti ini ditubuhkan adalah sebagai satu protes kepada penggabungan PAS dan UMNO ketika era 70 hingga 80 an.
Jemaah ini juga cuba untuk menubuhkan satu parti yang dinamakan sebagai Parti Negara Islam tetapi tidak diluluskan oleh Pendaftaran Parti. Berbalik kepada kisah aku di dewan rakyat, aku melihat persoalan-persoalan yang dijawab oleh menteri-menteri terlibat, apa yang membuat aku terkejut ialah apabila seorang menteri ini menyatakan " I have to protect the government interest". Saya tak tahu la sama ada beliau tersasul ataupun tidak tetapi kenyataan beliau boleh menimbulkan seribu tanda tanya persoalannya adakah kerajaan perlu menjaga kepentingan rakyat atau peiuk nasi sendiri????? selepas itu sampai pula ke perbahasan ucapan YDPA oleh YB Sdr. Khairy Jamaluddin.
Beliau menyatakan pakatan rakyat ini umpama pakatan PR atau Public Relation, apa yang melucukan ialah apabila beliau menyatakan keadaan pimpinan di Selangor ibarat menjalankan Projek Khinzir Raksaksa atau singkatannya PKR. YB Sdr Zulkifli Nordin mencelah dengan meminta ruling di bawah order 36 (4) penghinaan tetapi ditolak oleh Yang Dipertua Dewan kerana menyatakan ia tidak menghina. Akibat dari ketidak puasan hati pembangkang salah seorang ahli dewan iaitu YB Tuan Haji Mahfuz Omar menyebut Projek Babi Negara ( PBN). Ya memng betul orang kata apabila kita bergurau dengan orang kita tak tahan gurauan. Itulah yang berlaku pada Ahli parlimen Rembau yang melenting sebaik saja ahli parlimen pembangkang menyebut projek babi negara..... keadaan di dewan rakyat membawa seribu satu perkara serius mahupun lucu. Tiba giliran YB dari Kalabakan yang memberi amaran Tsunami kedua akan melanda Sabah jika kerajaan pusat tidak menghiraukan permintaan kerajaan Sabah... itulah sedikit sebanyak pengalaman berada di dewan rakyat....
Jemaah ini juga cuba untuk menubuhkan satu parti yang dinamakan sebagai Parti Negara Islam tetapi tidak diluluskan oleh Pendaftaran Parti. Berbalik kepada kisah aku di dewan rakyat, aku melihat persoalan-persoalan yang dijawab oleh menteri-menteri terlibat, apa yang membuat aku terkejut ialah apabila seorang menteri ini menyatakan " I have to protect the government interest". Saya tak tahu la sama ada beliau tersasul ataupun tidak tetapi kenyataan beliau boleh menimbulkan seribu tanda tanya persoalannya adakah kerajaan perlu menjaga kepentingan rakyat atau peiuk nasi sendiri????? selepas itu sampai pula ke perbahasan ucapan YDPA oleh YB Sdr. Khairy Jamaluddin.
Beliau menyatakan pakatan rakyat ini umpama pakatan PR atau Public Relation, apa yang melucukan ialah apabila beliau menyatakan keadaan pimpinan di Selangor ibarat menjalankan Projek Khinzir Raksaksa atau singkatannya PKR. YB Sdr Zulkifli Nordin mencelah dengan meminta ruling di bawah order 36 (4) penghinaan tetapi ditolak oleh Yang Dipertua Dewan kerana menyatakan ia tidak menghina. Akibat dari ketidak puasan hati pembangkang salah seorang ahli dewan iaitu YB Tuan Haji Mahfuz Omar menyebut Projek Babi Negara ( PBN). Ya memng betul orang kata apabila kita bergurau dengan orang kita tak tahan gurauan. Itulah yang berlaku pada Ahli parlimen Rembau yang melenting sebaik saja ahli parlimen pembangkang menyebut projek babi negara..... keadaan di dewan rakyat membawa seribu satu perkara serius mahupun lucu. Tiba giliran YB dari Kalabakan yang memberi amaran Tsunami kedua akan melanda Sabah jika kerajaan pusat tidak menghiraukan permintaan kerajaan Sabah... itulah sedikit sebanyak pengalaman berada di dewan rakyat....
Tuesday, May 6, 2008
Reformasi Malaysia satu Tinjauan
Tatkala ku berjalan di sebuah “shopping complex” yang terkenal di Ipoh ku merenung keadaan remaja pada hari ini. Berpelesaran tanpa segan silu dengan "trend"pakaian yang terbaru mengikut budaya barat. Cara dan budaya yang dipaparkan oleh remaja hari ini jelas tidak menggambarkan budaya Melayu Islam.Terpikir sejenak kenapa perkara ini berlaku sedangkan di barat ramai yang berpusu-pusu untuk memasuki serta mendalami agama Islam. Kerisauan dan ketakutan jelas menyelubungi diri takut-takut dalam tempoh 10 tahun lagi tiada kepemimpinan muda akan lahir di negara ini.
Kita lupakan sejenak akan kisah atau gelagat anak-anak muda di pasar raya….ketika ku berjalan-jalan di pasar raya ku teringat akan satu kedai yang menjual buku-buku terpakai dengan harga berpatutan. Di situ ku melihat sebuah buku yang menarik perhatianku iaitu buku yang bertajuk Layakkah Anwar ketuai reformasi? yang di karang oleh Ahmad Lutfi Othman Di kedai buku itu juga ada terdapat buku yang berjudul Maksud bangsa Melayu yang di tulis olah Muhammad Muhd Taib. Tiba-tiba aku berasa keliru yang mana satu buku yang patut aku beli, akhirnya jiwaku lebih tertarik untuk membeli buku karangan Ahmad Lutfi Othman.
Buku ini berkisar tentang kegawatan ekonomi dan reformasi yang berlaku di Indonesia. Kegawatan yang bermula seawal 1997 telah banyak meragut kekayaan negara-negara di Asia. Paling teruk terjejas ialah negara Korea Selatan dan Indonesia. Ini sekaligus memaksa mereka meminjam dari bank dunia atau lebih dikenali sebagai “IMF”. Malaysia juga antara negara yang terjejas akibat dari kegawatan ekonomi ini.Hampir separuh dari jumlah matawang ringgit jatuh dan beberapa syarikat gergasi terpaksa gulung tikar akibat tidak dapat menanggung hutang yang berlipat kali ganda serta banyak syarikat kecil yang muflis dek kerana kegawatan ekonomi ini. Apabila negara ini dilanda krisis ekonomi Perdana Menteri Dato Seri Dr. Mahathir Mohammad masih lagi mempertahankan bahawa ringgit masih kukuh lagi. Di dalam buku ini Dr. Mahathir menafikan sekeras-kerasnya keretakan yang berlaku antara beliau dan timbalannya. Salah seorang tokoh yang di temuramah telah menggambarkan Anwar lebih ganas dari Dr. Mahathir. Alasan untuk tokoh ini berkata begitu adalah kerana kalau diikutkan Anwar dan Dr. Mahathir adalah sama saja, jika dikatakan Dr. Mahathir mengamalkkan nepotisme, kronisme Anwar Ibrahim juga mengamalkan begitu. Dikhabarkan juga apabila Anwar Ibrahim menjadi Presiden di Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia, pelajar-pelajar masih dikongkong dan diikat dengan Akta Auku.
Di dalam buku ini juga terdapat catitan konspirasi kaedah mendapatkan tempat menjawat jawatan penting dalam UMNO dan persaingan antara Ku Li dan Dr M serta kejatuhan Musa Hitam serta berundurnya Tun Ghafar Baba dari jawatan timbalan presiden UMNO bagi memberi laluan kepada ketua team Wawasan iaitu Dato Seri Anwar Ibrahim. Pengarang juga menyatakan bahawa lebih baik Pak Lah atau Muhyiddin Yassin menjadi Perdana Menteri.
Selepas 11 tahun kisah penangkapan Anwar Ibrahim dan kegawatan ekonomi apa yang berlaku di Malaysia adalah di luar jangkaan para penganalisis politik di Malaysia, keadaan tidak seperti yang diharapkan, betul keadaan ekonomi Malaysia semakin pulih tetapi hubungan antara kaum ibarat bom jangka apabila di hidupkan maka bila-bila masa boleh meletup…..
Senario politik negara kini sudah berubah di mana 5 negeri telah berjaya ditawan oleh pakatan rakyat. Jadi mungkin sesuatu yang akan mengejutkan bakal berlaku dalam masa terdekat ini. Mudah-mudahan perkara yang bakal berlaku di masa hadapan akan bertambah baik …….
Kita lupakan sejenak akan kisah atau gelagat anak-anak muda di pasar raya….ketika ku berjalan-jalan di pasar raya ku teringat akan satu kedai yang menjual buku-buku terpakai dengan harga berpatutan. Di situ ku melihat sebuah buku yang menarik perhatianku iaitu buku yang bertajuk Layakkah Anwar ketuai reformasi? yang di karang oleh Ahmad Lutfi Othman Di kedai buku itu juga ada terdapat buku yang berjudul Maksud bangsa Melayu yang di tulis olah Muhammad Muhd Taib. Tiba-tiba aku berasa keliru yang mana satu buku yang patut aku beli, akhirnya jiwaku lebih tertarik untuk membeli buku karangan Ahmad Lutfi Othman.
Buku ini berkisar tentang kegawatan ekonomi dan reformasi yang berlaku di Indonesia. Kegawatan yang bermula seawal 1997 telah banyak meragut kekayaan negara-negara di Asia. Paling teruk terjejas ialah negara Korea Selatan dan Indonesia. Ini sekaligus memaksa mereka meminjam dari bank dunia atau lebih dikenali sebagai “IMF”. Malaysia juga antara negara yang terjejas akibat dari kegawatan ekonomi ini.Hampir separuh dari jumlah matawang ringgit jatuh dan beberapa syarikat gergasi terpaksa gulung tikar akibat tidak dapat menanggung hutang yang berlipat kali ganda serta banyak syarikat kecil yang muflis dek kerana kegawatan ekonomi ini. Apabila negara ini dilanda krisis ekonomi Perdana Menteri Dato Seri Dr. Mahathir Mohammad masih lagi mempertahankan bahawa ringgit masih kukuh lagi. Di dalam buku ini Dr. Mahathir menafikan sekeras-kerasnya keretakan yang berlaku antara beliau dan timbalannya. Salah seorang tokoh yang di temuramah telah menggambarkan Anwar lebih ganas dari Dr. Mahathir. Alasan untuk tokoh ini berkata begitu adalah kerana kalau diikutkan Anwar dan Dr. Mahathir adalah sama saja, jika dikatakan Dr. Mahathir mengamalkkan nepotisme, kronisme Anwar Ibrahim juga mengamalkan begitu. Dikhabarkan juga apabila Anwar Ibrahim menjadi Presiden di Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia, pelajar-pelajar masih dikongkong dan diikat dengan Akta Auku.
Di dalam buku ini juga terdapat catitan konspirasi kaedah mendapatkan tempat menjawat jawatan penting dalam UMNO dan persaingan antara Ku Li dan Dr M serta kejatuhan Musa Hitam serta berundurnya Tun Ghafar Baba dari jawatan timbalan presiden UMNO bagi memberi laluan kepada ketua team Wawasan iaitu Dato Seri Anwar Ibrahim. Pengarang juga menyatakan bahawa lebih baik Pak Lah atau Muhyiddin Yassin menjadi Perdana Menteri.
Selepas 11 tahun kisah penangkapan Anwar Ibrahim dan kegawatan ekonomi apa yang berlaku di Malaysia adalah di luar jangkaan para penganalisis politik di Malaysia, keadaan tidak seperti yang diharapkan, betul keadaan ekonomi Malaysia semakin pulih tetapi hubungan antara kaum ibarat bom jangka apabila di hidupkan maka bila-bila masa boleh meletup…..
Senario politik negara kini sudah berubah di mana 5 negeri telah berjaya ditawan oleh pakatan rakyat. Jadi mungkin sesuatu yang akan mengejutkan bakal berlaku dalam masa terdekat ini. Mudah-mudahan perkara yang bakal berlaku di masa hadapan akan bertambah baik …….
Thursday, April 24, 2008
PELUANG BELAJAR PERUBATAN DAN PERGIGIAN DI MESIR
Jangan lepaskan peluang. Penuhi impian anda untuk mengejar mencapai cita-cita.
Jangan risau walaupun keputusan SPM anda tidak memberangsangkan, teruskan minat dan niat suci anda!!
Kini, AKADEMI AL-QURA’AN-MEDIC MALAYSIA, di bawah kendalian Tok Guru Fiqh aku Al-Fadhil Prof. Dr. Razali Nawawi, menawarkan bantuan menguruskan para pelajar yang ingin menyambung pelajaran dalam bidang berkaitan, tempat anda dijamin:
1. Perubatan
2. Pergigian
Dapatkan tempat di Universiti-universiti terkemuka dunia yang diiktiraf oleh JPA, Mara, dan MMC seperti:
1. Universiti Al-Azhar
2. Universiti Kaherah (Cairo)
3. Universiti Ain Syams
4. Universiti Iskandariah (Alexandria)
5. Universiti Zaqaziq
6. Universiti Mansourah
7. Universiti Tanta
Dan jangan risau, anda layak mendapat tajaan daripada JPA, MARA, dan pinjaman Bank Rakyat. Yang aku tahu Negeri Perak , Selangor dan lain-lain negeri menyediakan zakat RM 20 ribu untuk tahun pertama bagi pelajar2 medik di mesir. Jabatan Agama mealui Baitulmal akan 'sponsor' tiket kapal terbang. Huiyoo!!!
Maklumat adalah seperti berikut:-
1. Tempoh pengajian: 6 tahun. Tanpa perlu matrikulasi.
2. Bahasa pengantar: English. Kebolehan berbahasa arab adalah satu kelebihan.
3. Kelayakan masuk: lulus sekurang-kurangnya B4 dalam matapelajaran SPM;
-Biologi
-Kimia
-Fizik
-Matematik Moden
-Matematik Tambahan
-English
4. Yuran pengajian: Tahun pertama USD 2000
Tahun berikutnya USD 8000
5. Bayaran kemasukan: RM 7000.00 (RM2000.00 dibayar semasa mendaftarkan permohonan, dan RM5000.00 selepas menerima surat tawaran dari pihak unversiti).
6. Sesi pengajian bermula September.
Untuk maklumat lanjut hubungi;
Akademi Al-Quran-Medic Malaysia
No. 7, Jalan 2/1D, 43650, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Bagi yang berminat hubungi segera, untuk mengetahui maklumat lanjut, dan prosedur yang harus diikuti.
Hubungi: En Khairul Anuar Bin Musa 013-3005438 atau En Mohd Lotpi Yussob 013-3005469
INGAT JANGAN LEPASKAN PELUANG BERHARGA INI!!! RAMAI YANG SEDANG BERLUMBA-LUMBA MEREBUTNYA!! FIRST COME FIRST SERVE BASIS. Lagi cepat memohon,lagi cepat mendapat surat tawaran.
Jangan risau walaupun keputusan SPM anda tidak memberangsangkan, teruskan minat dan niat suci anda!!
Kini, AKADEMI AL-QURA’AN-MEDIC MALAYSIA, di bawah kendalian Tok Guru Fiqh aku Al-Fadhil Prof. Dr. Razali Nawawi, menawarkan bantuan menguruskan para pelajar yang ingin menyambung pelajaran dalam bidang berkaitan, tempat anda dijamin:
1. Perubatan
2. Pergigian
Dapatkan tempat di Universiti-universiti terkemuka dunia yang diiktiraf oleh JPA, Mara, dan MMC seperti:
1. Universiti Al-Azhar
2. Universiti Kaherah (Cairo)
3. Universiti Ain Syams
4. Universiti Iskandariah (Alexandria)
5. Universiti Zaqaziq
6. Universiti Mansourah
7. Universiti Tanta
Dan jangan risau, anda layak mendapat tajaan daripada JPA, MARA, dan pinjaman Bank Rakyat. Yang aku tahu Negeri Perak , Selangor dan lain-lain negeri menyediakan zakat RM 20 ribu untuk tahun pertama bagi pelajar2 medik di mesir. Jabatan Agama mealui Baitulmal akan 'sponsor' tiket kapal terbang. Huiyoo!!!
Maklumat adalah seperti berikut:-
1. Tempoh pengajian: 6 tahun. Tanpa perlu matrikulasi.
2. Bahasa pengantar: English. Kebolehan berbahasa arab adalah satu kelebihan.
3. Kelayakan masuk: lulus sekurang-kurangnya B4 dalam matapelajaran SPM;
-Biologi
-Kimia
-Fizik
-Matematik Moden
-Matematik Tambahan
-English
4. Yuran pengajian: Tahun pertama USD 2000
Tahun berikutnya USD 8000
5. Bayaran kemasukan: RM 7000.00 (RM2000.00 dibayar semasa mendaftarkan permohonan, dan RM5000.00 selepas menerima surat tawaran dari pihak unversiti).
6. Sesi pengajian bermula September.
Untuk maklumat lanjut hubungi;
Akademi Al-Quran-Medic Malaysia
No. 7, Jalan 2/1D, 43650, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Bagi yang berminat hubungi segera, untuk mengetahui maklumat lanjut, dan prosedur yang harus diikuti.
Hubungi: En Khairul Anuar Bin Musa 013-3005438 atau En Mohd Lotpi Yussob 013-3005469
INGAT JANGAN LEPASKAN PELUANG BERHARGA INI!!! RAMAI YANG SEDANG BERLUMBA-LUMBA MEREBUTNYA!! FIRST COME FIRST SERVE BASIS. Lagi cepat memohon,lagi cepat mendapat surat tawaran.
Tuesday, March 18, 2008
Barisan Kabinet "Pak Lah"
Hari ini YAB Datuk seri Abdullah haji Ahmad Badawi telah mengumumkan barisan kabinet baru bagi tahun 2008/2009. Kebanyakkan muka-muka lama telah digugurkan seperti Dato' Seri Rafidah Aziz,Dato' Seri S Samy Vellu, Tengku Adnan,Datuk Seri Shahrizat, Dato' Seri Jamaludin Jarjis dan beberapa lagi orang lama dalam kabinet Malaysia. Mungkin dengan pengunduran orang-orang lama ini disebabkan prestasi yang telah ditunjukkan dan munkin juga disebabkan "political conflict" diantara ahli-ahli UMNO.Persoalannya adakah sesetengah menteri yang dilantik ini dapat melaksanakan tugas mereka dengan cemerlang?rekod yang ditunjukkan oleh beberapa individu sebelum ini yang dilantik menjadi menteri tidak beberapa bersih contohnnya ada yang terlibat dengan rasuah pada masa lalu. Adakah ini agenda sesetengah pihak yang ingin mencantas penyokong-penyokong YAB Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak seperti yang dikhabarkan oleh YB Tuan Guru Dato'Haji Abdul Hadi? sila berikan komen anda di dalam blog ini agar kita dapat bersama-sama berdiskusi seterusnya mencambahkan idea tentang keadaan politik semasa di Malaysia...
Thursday, March 13, 2008
PASCA Pilihanraya Umum kali ke 12
Hampir seminggu pilihanraya umum Malaysia ke 12 telah berlalu tetapi bahang pilihanraya masih terasa terutama di 4 negeri yang berjaya dirampas oleh pakatan Barisan Rakyat iaitu Selangor, Perak, Kedah dan Pulau Pinang tidak terkecuali Wilayah persekutuan Kuala Lumpur. Fenomena yang berlaku ini bagaikan tsunami yang melanda parti Barisan Nasional kerana dalam tempoh 50 tahun Merdeka ini Parti Barisan Nasional tidak mampu digugat oleh pihak bebas mahupun pembangkang. Kemenangan majoriti 2/3 sebelum ini telah dirobek oleh Barisan Rakyat. Pihak Barisan Nasional masih tercari-cari punca masalah ini berlaku manakala pihak Barisan Rakyat sedang sibuk memikirkan cara yang baik untuk membentuk pakatan dan mempertahankannya. Situasi yang berlaku di Perak sedikit sebanyak memperlihatkan bahawa Barisan Rakyat tidak menjangkakan akan memperolehi negeri Perak justeru menimbulkan pelbagai ujian daripada media arus perdana mahupun masyarakat setempat.
Persoalan sekarang adakah parti Barisan Nasional boleh dikatakan tidak relevan di alaf baru ini ataupun disebabkan masalah dalaman yang semakin meruncing?
Persoalan kedua adakah Dato' seri Anwar Ibrahim bakal menjadi Perdana Menteri Malaysia yang ke 6? Ketiga adakah hak orang Melayu akan diganggu gugat? Keempat adakah Malaysia akan bebas dari rasuah selepas ?
Jawapan ini hanya dapat diketahui mungkin dalam tempoh satu tahun pentadbiran kerajaan sekarang. Mungkin anda mempunyai pandangan tersendiri! Ini hanyalah pendapat dari seorang yang kudus mengenai politik.......
Persoalan sekarang adakah parti Barisan Nasional boleh dikatakan tidak relevan di alaf baru ini ataupun disebabkan masalah dalaman yang semakin meruncing?
Persoalan kedua adakah Dato' seri Anwar Ibrahim bakal menjadi Perdana Menteri Malaysia yang ke 6? Ketiga adakah hak orang Melayu akan diganggu gugat? Keempat adakah Malaysia akan bebas dari rasuah selepas ?
Jawapan ini hanya dapat diketahui mungkin dalam tempoh satu tahun pentadbiran kerajaan sekarang. Mungkin anda mempunyai pandangan tersendiri! Ini hanyalah pendapat dari seorang yang kudus mengenai politik.......
Tuesday, January 15, 2008
"The World Is Flat"
Book Review
Author Thomas L. Friedman
Part 1
On the first part of this book the author (Thomas L. Friedman) gave an idea that the world is not round but it is flat. What he means was the world is no longer round as was discovered before. Strange isn't it? But as going deeper into this book, the main idea of his words is the world are going through a globalization era. An era where there is no boundaries, no wall and no friction.
He started with the history of globalization with the journey of Christopher Columbus in 1492 where this era it was called globalization 1.0. This era is mainly about muscle and imperialism power. Country like Holland, Portuguese and England were competing to conquer the world so that they can monopoly whatever source and wealth of other country. Thomas continues to discuss on the next stage that is globalization 2.0 periods between 1800 till 2000. This was an era of World Wars 1, 2 and others wars that have been occurred between this periods. During this time, America and Russia were competing with each others in developing technologies especially space technology. Furthermore, in the period between 2000 until today the globalization has reached the next level which called globalization 3.0.
What the author means on globalization 3.0 is that people around the world can communicate with each other, built link for business purposes, exchanging information and so on so forth in a very simple way. He gave an example of Bangalore in India has been transformed to be a hub for America communication and transaction whereas Dali an in China has been transformed by Japan to be their hub of research and development. Both of this economic super power has transfer their technology and communication to central Asia. Reason for their act was that the logistics such as labor, land and raw materials in these countries were cheap and still cheap until today. Take an example, three engineers in China is the cost for one engineer in Japan and for India the cost of labors were three times cheaper than America. No wonder both of these big countries like to transfer their technology to these two countries. When this thing happen both places which are Bangalore and Dali an have enjoyed an economic development and the people have also upgrade their living style. An example for this income for the people in Bangalore has been increased drastically from $200 to $600 within 6 months.
Furthermore the author wrote the 10 aspects of flattener. The first flattener is the 9th November 1989 factor. This date was a historical date when the wall of Berlin which separated east and West German been demolished. This was the time that only one big system prevails which is the capitalism. Fight between two systems Capitalist and Communism has come to an end.
Second flattener is 9 August 1995 when the first internet i.e Web been introduced and Netscape went public. During this time individual can use personal computer to browse internet and doing business within it. Before this only big company which has big main frame computer has do their jobs and business transaction.
Thirds flattener is work flow software. Beginning this period it showed how much software technologies have been developed by big companies like IBM and also computer geeks and freelancers. These geeks have created software named Apache which IBM cannot surpass it and currently jointed them.
Flattener four is uploading. This type of flattener gives people to upload their own movies, pictures and even articles. As long as people have computer to connect to the internet they can do whatever they want with it. When uploading becomes much easier it helps other people to get information at their own fingertips. For example in Wikipedia it helps people to find meaning and information. This is because it has over 200,000 definition and information rather than Microsoft which only has 30,000 definition and information. Furthermore in when people uses Wikipedia they uses it for free whereas if they use Microsoft they must buy it.
The fifth flattener is Outsourcing. For this factor of flatten the author brought us to the develop world of India where they have outsource America in IT business. Example for this was when the world was shocked by Y2K bug. This can brought big problems if it does not been solve. Before this our computer can only received 2 digit numbers for recognizing the year like (99). When the calendar become 2000 the computer cannot recognized it. For this the software engineer in India has solved this problem and that was something astonishing. India rose up from somewhere and most people in America shocked with what have their done…..
The sixth flattener is Off shoring .The Japanese business consultant Kenichi Ohmae has once said that “China is a threat, China is a customer and China is an opportunity. You have to internalize China to succeed. China is becoming a country that been favor by big companies that like to get an easy access, labor and raw materials. Companies like IBM and Microsoft also have their base in China. Development in China has been increased aggressively. Thus when China agreed to join World Trade Organization (WTO) it was the first step to open their market to the world. Although Mexico has agreed to accept NAFTA but they seems to be backward rather than forward.
The seventh flattener is supply chaining. Wal Mart a retailer company from America has benefited from this flattener. They have become no 1 retailer shop in America which provides cheap and quality good. How they do it? They buy it from the source and furthermore they also built warehouse for goods coming from offshore. They have cut their expensive from 5% to 3% when they built warehouse for the goods and provides truck to send goods all over America.
Flattener eight is in sourcing. What is mean by in sourcing is that the delivery system has been increased. Example for this is the UPS Company which has been established since seventies. Delivery system that been used by this company has increased its company profits and also put a trust from other companies with them. DELL company has given their trust to UPS in established one stop center to repair their customer computer, rather than 2 months to repair the customer computer UPS has decreased it to 2 weeks only.
For the 9th flattener the author brought us to the maximum use of the internet especially web browsing like Google. A lot of information can be deriving from these sources and for companies to get listed in web search. Many individuals become rich using the internet to make money. What make them reach, this is because it is easy to upload info, business and so on so forth and also it is also easy to buy online.
The last factor of flattener is the steroids. Steroids happen when countries like Japan and South Korea has develop their wireless system that are cheaper for their user unlike America which has slowest wireless system among above countries and it also expensive. When there is wireless system, it is easier for individuals to do their jobs and get information. This is an era for individuals to become influential and wealthy….
Author Thomas L. Friedman
Part 1
On the first part of this book the author (Thomas L. Friedman) gave an idea that the world is not round but it is flat. What he means was the world is no longer round as was discovered before. Strange isn't it? But as going deeper into this book, the main idea of his words is the world are going through a globalization era. An era where there is no boundaries, no wall and no friction.
He started with the history of globalization with the journey of Christopher Columbus in 1492 where this era it was called globalization 1.0. This era is mainly about muscle and imperialism power. Country like Holland, Portuguese and England were competing to conquer the world so that they can monopoly whatever source and wealth of other country. Thomas continues to discuss on the next stage that is globalization 2.0 periods between 1800 till 2000. This was an era of World Wars 1, 2 and others wars that have been occurred between this periods. During this time, America and Russia were competing with each others in developing technologies especially space technology. Furthermore, in the period between 2000 until today the globalization has reached the next level which called globalization 3.0.
What the author means on globalization 3.0 is that people around the world can communicate with each other, built link for business purposes, exchanging information and so on so forth in a very simple way. He gave an example of Bangalore in India has been transformed to be a hub for America communication and transaction whereas Dali an in China has been transformed by Japan to be their hub of research and development. Both of this economic super power has transfer their technology and communication to central Asia. Reason for their act was that the logistics such as labor, land and raw materials in these countries were cheap and still cheap until today. Take an example, three engineers in China is the cost for one engineer in Japan and for India the cost of labors were three times cheaper than America. No wonder both of these big countries like to transfer their technology to these two countries. When this thing happen both places which are Bangalore and Dali an have enjoyed an economic development and the people have also upgrade their living style. An example for this income for the people in Bangalore has been increased drastically from $200 to $600 within 6 months.
Furthermore the author wrote the 10 aspects of flattener. The first flattener is the 9th November 1989 factor. This date was a historical date when the wall of Berlin which separated east and West German been demolished. This was the time that only one big system prevails which is the capitalism. Fight between two systems Capitalist and Communism has come to an end.
Second flattener is 9 August 1995 when the first internet i.e Web been introduced and Netscape went public. During this time individual can use personal computer to browse internet and doing business within it. Before this only big company which has big main frame computer has do their jobs and business transaction.
Thirds flattener is work flow software. Beginning this period it showed how much software technologies have been developed by big companies like IBM and also computer geeks and freelancers. These geeks have created software named Apache which IBM cannot surpass it and currently jointed them.
Flattener four is uploading. This type of flattener gives people to upload their own movies, pictures and even articles. As long as people have computer to connect to the internet they can do whatever they want with it. When uploading becomes much easier it helps other people to get information at their own fingertips. For example in Wikipedia it helps people to find meaning and information. This is because it has over 200,000 definition and information rather than Microsoft which only has 30,000 definition and information. Furthermore in when people uses Wikipedia they uses it for free whereas if they use Microsoft they must buy it.
The fifth flattener is Outsourcing. For this factor of flatten the author brought us to the develop world of India where they have outsource America in IT business. Example for this was when the world was shocked by Y2K bug. This can brought big problems if it does not been solve. Before this our computer can only received 2 digit numbers for recognizing the year like (99). When the calendar become 2000 the computer cannot recognized it. For this the software engineer in India has solved this problem and that was something astonishing. India rose up from somewhere and most people in America shocked with what have their done…..
The sixth flattener is Off shoring .The Japanese business consultant Kenichi Ohmae has once said that “China is a threat, China is a customer and China is an opportunity. You have to internalize China to succeed. China is becoming a country that been favor by big companies that like to get an easy access, labor and raw materials. Companies like IBM and Microsoft also have their base in China. Development in China has been increased aggressively. Thus when China agreed to join World Trade Organization (WTO) it was the first step to open their market to the world. Although Mexico has agreed to accept NAFTA but they seems to be backward rather than forward.
The seventh flattener is supply chaining. Wal Mart a retailer company from America has benefited from this flattener. They have become no 1 retailer shop in America which provides cheap and quality good. How they do it? They buy it from the source and furthermore they also built warehouse for goods coming from offshore. They have cut their expensive from 5% to 3% when they built warehouse for the goods and provides truck to send goods all over America.
Flattener eight is in sourcing. What is mean by in sourcing is that the delivery system has been increased. Example for this is the UPS Company which has been established since seventies. Delivery system that been used by this company has increased its company profits and also put a trust from other companies with them. DELL company has given their trust to UPS in established one stop center to repair their customer computer, rather than 2 months to repair the customer computer UPS has decreased it to 2 weeks only.
For the 9th flattener the author brought us to the maximum use of the internet especially web browsing like Google. A lot of information can be deriving from these sources and for companies to get listed in web search. Many individuals become rich using the internet to make money. What make them reach, this is because it is easy to upload info, business and so on so forth and also it is also easy to buy online.
The last factor of flattener is the steroids. Steroids happen when countries like Japan and South Korea has develop their wireless system that are cheaper for their user unlike America which has slowest wireless system among above countries and it also expensive. When there is wireless system, it is easier for individuals to do their jobs and get information. This is an era for individuals to become influential and wealthy….
Saturday, January 12, 2008
"Why Muslim Women must wear Hijab?"
The answer to the question is very simple - Muslim women observe HIJAB (covering the head and the body) because Allah has told them to do so.
"O Prophet, tell your wives and daughters and the believing women to draw their outer garments around them (when they go out or are among men). That is better in order that they may be known (to be Muslims) and not annoyed..." (Qur'an 33:59)
Other secondary reasons include the requirement for modesty in both men and women. Both will then be evaluated for intelligence and skills instead of looks and sexuality. An Iranian school girl is quoted as saying, "We want to stop men from treating us like sex objects, as they have always done. We want them to ignore our appearance and to be attentive to our personalities and mind. We want them to take us seriously and treat us as equals and not just chase us around for our bodies and physical looks." A Muslim woman who covers her head is making a statement about her identity. Anyone who sees her will know that she is a Muslim and has a good moral character. Many Muslim women who cover are filled with dignity and self esteem; they are pleased to be identified as a Muslim woman. As a chaste, modest, pure woman, she does not want her sexuality to enter into interactions with men in the smallest degree. A woman who covers herself is concealing her sexuality but allowing her femininity to be brought out.
The question of hijab for Muslim women has been a controversy for centuries and will probably continue for many more. Some learned people do not consider the subject open to discussion and consider that covering the face is required, while a majority are of the opinion that it is not required. A middle line position is taken by some who claim that the instructions are vague and open to individual discretion depending on the situation. The wives of the Prophet (S) were required to cover their faces so that men would not think of them in sexual terms since they were the "Mothers of the Believers," but this requirement was not extended to other women.
The word "hijab" comes from the Arabic word "hajaba" meaning to hide from view or conceal. In the present time, the context of hijab is the modest covering of a Muslim woman. The question now is what is the extent of the covering? The Qur'an says:
"Say to the believing man that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty; that will make for greater purity for them; and Allah is well acquainted with all that they do. And say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty; and that they should not display their beauty and ornaments except what must ordinarily appear thereof; that they should draw their veils over their bosoms and not display their beauty except to their husbands..." (Qur'an 24:30-31) These verses from the Qur'an contain two main injunctions:
A woman should not show her beauty or adornments except what appears by uncontrolled factors such as the wind blowing her clothes, and the head covers should be drawn so as to cover the hair, the neck and the bosom. Islam has no fixed standard as to the style of dress or type of clothing that Muslims must wear. However, some requirements must be met. The first of these requirements is the parts of the body which must be covered. Islam has two sources for guidance and rulings: first, the Qur'an, the revealed word of Allah and secondly, the Hadith or the traditions of the Prophet Muhammad (S) who was chosen by Allah to be the role model for mankind. The following is a Tradition of the Prophet:
"Ayesha (R) reported that Asmaa the daughter of Abu Bakr (R) came to the Messenger of Allah (S) while wearing thin clothing. He approached her and said: 'O Asmaa! When a girl reaches the menstrual age, it is not proper that anything should remain exposed except this and this. He pointed to the face and hands." (Abu Dawood)
The second requirement is looseness. The clothing must be loose enough so as not to describe the shape of the woman's body. One desirable way to hide the shape of the body is to wear a cloak over other clothes. However, if the clothing is loose enough, an outer garment is not necessary. Thickness is the third requirement. The clothing must be thick enough so as not to show the color of the skin it covers or the shape of the body. The Prophet Muhammad (S) stated that in later generations of his ummah there would be "women who would be dressed but naked and on top of their heads (what looks like) camel humps. Curse them for they are truly cursed." (Muslim) Another requirement is an over-all dignified appearance. The clothing should not attract men's attention to the woman. It should not be shiny and flashy so that everyone notices the dress and the woman. In addition there are other requirements:
Women must not dress so as to appear as men.
"Ibn Abbas narrated: 'The Prophet (S) cursed the men who appear like women and the women who appear like men.'" (Bukhari)
Women should not dress in a way similar to the unbelievers.
The clothing should be modest, not excessively fancy and also not excessively ragged to gain others admiration or sympathy. Often forgotten is the fact that modern Western dress is a new invention. Looking at the clothing of women as recently as seventy years ago, we see clothing similar to hijab. These active and hard-working women of the West were not inhibited by their clothing which consisted of long, full dresses and various types of head covering. Muslim women who wear hijab do not find it impractical or interfering with their activities in all levels and walks of life. Hijab is not merely a covering dress but more importantly, it is behavior, manners, speech and appearance in public. Dress is only one facet of the total being. The basic requirement of the Muslim woman's dress apply to the Muslim man's clothing with the difference being mainly in degree. Modesty requires that the area between the navel and the knee be covered in front of all people except the wife. The clothing of men should not be like the dress of women, nor should it be tight or provocative. A Muslim should dress to show his identity as a Muslim. Men are not allowed to wear gold or silk. However, both are allowed for women.
For both men and women, clothing requirements are not meant to be a restriction but rather a way in which society will function in a proper, Islamic manner.
In the Quran: " And say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty; that they should not display theri beauty and ornaments except what (must ordinarily) appear thereof, that they should draw theri veils over their bosoms adn not display their beauty except to their husbands, tathers, husbands' fathers, sons, or their sisters' sons, or their women or the slaves whom their right hand possess or male servants free of physical needs, or small children who have no sence of the shame of sex; and that they should not strike their feet in order to draw attention to their hidden ornaments. And O ye Believers! Turn ye all together towards Allah(S.W.T) that ye may attain Bliss (Surah 24:31)
Kadang2 ALLAH sembunyikan Matahari,DIA datangkan Petir dan Kilat.Kite menangis dan tertanye2 kemene hilangnye matahari.Rupe2nye ALLAH hendak memberikan kite pelangi..
"O Prophet, tell your wives and daughters and the believing women to draw their outer garments around them (when they go out or are among men). That is better in order that they may be known (to be Muslims) and not annoyed..." (Qur'an 33:59)
Other secondary reasons include the requirement for modesty in both men and women. Both will then be evaluated for intelligence and skills instead of looks and sexuality. An Iranian school girl is quoted as saying, "We want to stop men from treating us like sex objects, as they have always done. We want them to ignore our appearance and to be attentive to our personalities and mind. We want them to take us seriously and treat us as equals and not just chase us around for our bodies and physical looks." A Muslim woman who covers her head is making a statement about her identity. Anyone who sees her will know that she is a Muslim and has a good moral character. Many Muslim women who cover are filled with dignity and self esteem; they are pleased to be identified as a Muslim woman. As a chaste, modest, pure woman, she does not want her sexuality to enter into interactions with men in the smallest degree. A woman who covers herself is concealing her sexuality but allowing her femininity to be brought out.
The question of hijab for Muslim women has been a controversy for centuries and will probably continue for many more. Some learned people do not consider the subject open to discussion and consider that covering the face is required, while a majority are of the opinion that it is not required. A middle line position is taken by some who claim that the instructions are vague and open to individual discretion depending on the situation. The wives of the Prophet (S) were required to cover their faces so that men would not think of them in sexual terms since they were the "Mothers of the Believers," but this requirement was not extended to other women.
The word "hijab" comes from the Arabic word "hajaba" meaning to hide from view or conceal. In the present time, the context of hijab is the modest covering of a Muslim woman. The question now is what is the extent of the covering? The Qur'an says:
"Say to the believing man that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty; that will make for greater purity for them; and Allah is well acquainted with all that they do. And say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty; and that they should not display their beauty and ornaments except what must ordinarily appear thereof; that they should draw their veils over their bosoms and not display their beauty except to their husbands..." (Qur'an 24:30-31) These verses from the Qur'an contain two main injunctions:
A woman should not show her beauty or adornments except what appears by uncontrolled factors such as the wind blowing her clothes, and the head covers should be drawn so as to cover the hair, the neck and the bosom. Islam has no fixed standard as to the style of dress or type of clothing that Muslims must wear. However, some requirements must be met. The first of these requirements is the parts of the body which must be covered. Islam has two sources for guidance and rulings: first, the Qur'an, the revealed word of Allah and secondly, the Hadith or the traditions of the Prophet Muhammad (S) who was chosen by Allah to be the role model for mankind. The following is a Tradition of the Prophet:
"Ayesha (R) reported that Asmaa the daughter of Abu Bakr (R) came to the Messenger of Allah (S) while wearing thin clothing. He approached her and said: 'O Asmaa! When a girl reaches the menstrual age, it is not proper that anything should remain exposed except this and this. He pointed to the face and hands." (Abu Dawood)
The second requirement is looseness. The clothing must be loose enough so as not to describe the shape of the woman's body. One desirable way to hide the shape of the body is to wear a cloak over other clothes. However, if the clothing is loose enough, an outer garment is not necessary. Thickness is the third requirement. The clothing must be thick enough so as not to show the color of the skin it covers or the shape of the body. The Prophet Muhammad (S) stated that in later generations of his ummah there would be "women who would be dressed but naked and on top of their heads (what looks like) camel humps. Curse them for they are truly cursed." (Muslim) Another requirement is an over-all dignified appearance. The clothing should not attract men's attention to the woman. It should not be shiny and flashy so that everyone notices the dress and the woman. In addition there are other requirements:
Women must not dress so as to appear as men.
"Ibn Abbas narrated: 'The Prophet (S) cursed the men who appear like women and the women who appear like men.'" (Bukhari)
Women should not dress in a way similar to the unbelievers.
The clothing should be modest, not excessively fancy and also not excessively ragged to gain others admiration or sympathy. Often forgotten is the fact that modern Western dress is a new invention. Looking at the clothing of women as recently as seventy years ago, we see clothing similar to hijab. These active and hard-working women of the West were not inhibited by their clothing which consisted of long, full dresses and various types of head covering. Muslim women who wear hijab do not find it impractical or interfering with their activities in all levels and walks of life. Hijab is not merely a covering dress but more importantly, it is behavior, manners, speech and appearance in public. Dress is only one facet of the total being. The basic requirement of the Muslim woman's dress apply to the Muslim man's clothing with the difference being mainly in degree. Modesty requires that the area between the navel and the knee be covered in front of all people except the wife. The clothing of men should not be like the dress of women, nor should it be tight or provocative. A Muslim should dress to show his identity as a Muslim. Men are not allowed to wear gold or silk. However, both are allowed for women.
For both men and women, clothing requirements are not meant to be a restriction but rather a way in which society will function in a proper, Islamic manner.
In the Quran: " And say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty; that they should not display theri beauty and ornaments except what (must ordinarily) appear thereof, that they should draw theri veils over their bosoms adn not display their beauty except to their husbands, tathers, husbands' fathers, sons, or their sisters' sons, or their women or the slaves whom their right hand possess or male servants free of physical needs, or small children who have no sence of the shame of sex; and that they should not strike their feet in order to draw attention to their hidden ornaments. And O ye Believers! Turn ye all together towards Allah(S.W.T) that ye may attain Bliss (Surah 24:31)
Kadang2 ALLAH sembunyikan Matahari,DIA datangkan Petir dan Kilat.Kite menangis dan tertanye2 kemene hilangnye matahari.Rupe2nye ALLAH hendak memberikan kite pelangi..
" The Islamic State Model Works"
with Hatta Ramli and Farid Shahran
"The Islamic State Model Works"
In recent years, Malaysia has demanded a normative Islamization of society. Relations with the other religions in the multi-faith, multi-ethnic country have thus become a frequent topic of debate. Two Malaysian Islamic activists spoke with Qantara.de about democracy, the Islamization of society and their experiences with Europe
| Bild:
Dr. Farid Shahran is a member of the Malaysian NGO Angakatan Belia Islam Malaysia / Muslim Youth Movement of Malaysia (ABIM), which works in the educational and social sectors to improve civil society | Dr. Shahran, can an Islamic organization like ABIM play a formative role in spreading social change and reforms, and in the democratic process?
Farid Shahran: My organization is a nongovernmental organization; we are not a political party. But we are nonetheless strongly involved in the process of developing civil society here. We organize seminars and conferences and are engaged in the social sector. We are active throughout the country, sending our staff members to help people in need, and we also work in the field of education. All of this in our opinion strengthens democratic values. We want to make our own contribution, based on our religious beliefs.
In a pluralistic society like Malaysia, in which many religions coexist, doesn't the Islamization of politics contribute to a division in society?
| Bild:
Dr. Hatta Ramli is a leading member of the Malaysian opposition party Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS), which advocates a straightforward Islamization of Malaysian society | Hatta Ramli: Societies are always divided, for example along economic lines. But the main dividing lines are religious and ethnic. In Malaysia we have not yet experienced any major religious conflicts, but we did have rioting in 1969 based on ethnic strife. Responsible for the problems were enormous economic inequalities. As an Islamic party, we have not driven any kind of division. We must fight for the votes of Muslims as well as those of non-Muslims.
Shahran: I don't think that we split society. We consider the values we stand for, which also form the foundation of our work, to be universally applicable. They are just as valid for Muslims as they are for people of other faiths. Of course, our background always remains Islam, but we do not try to proselytize or to contribute to religious enmity. We want to improve human coexistence, irrespective of faith.
There are many prejudices against the Islamization of society, especially thanks to the rhetoric of the "war against terror." Dr. Shahran, do you see yourself criticized unjustly or limited in any way as an Islamic movement, on either the national or international levels?
Shahran: Because of prejudices both in the Western media and in the context of national conflicts, there is a tendency to stereotype all Muslims. Violence has nothing to do with the ideology of Islam. There are many reasons why radicalism and terrorism evolve, but they always have political roots and not religious ones. Some Islamic groups unfortunately link the conflicts with religion and faith. We, too, feel the prejudices, fear and skepticism that are projected onto us. But we are not extremist and do not encounter any problems with our work attributable to the fact that we are an Islamic organization.
Can Malaysia, as a country with religious pluralism and an Islamic state model, still build secular structures?
Ramli: The current system is working. And we do not believe that secularization is the right path. We want to work and live with religious people; we believe that this instills a system of values that is indispensable to our politics.
Shahran: Islam can coexist with any religion – that is the principle behind the faith. We concentrate on strengthening the community of Muslims. This doesn't mean that we simultaneously want to weaken others; we want to contribute to better understanding, but not to the secularization of the system.
What kind of experiences have you had with regard to the dialogue between the Islamic and non-Islamic worlds?
Shahran: For me, dialogue doesn't only mean finding out what we have in common. There are major differences in the interpretation of religion and religiosity. In the West, people see religion as something personal, while for us Muslims it is a way of life. This is why Islam intervenes in all areas of life. A dialogue must therefore address these differences in order to really bear fruit.
You have close contact with Germany, a western, European society. What are your personal impressions?
Ramli: In Germany, as part of Europe, a strong feeling of solidarity can be discerned, the "European Union feeling"! At the same time, we encounter here a fear of Islam and Sharia; people are suspicious of our political ambitions. But Germany is nonetheless seeking dialogue, not least because there are inner tensions here with the Muslims. Turkey, as a Muslim country, can likewise contribute to this dialogue – this is something that is not discussed enough.
Shahran: Many Muslims hope that Germany and the European Union will be able to offer a counterweight to the superpower USA. Germany should try to overcome its religious and cultural problems with the Muslims living on its own turf.
Interview: Anna Zwenger
"The Islamic State Model Works"
In recent years, Malaysia has demanded a normative Islamization of society. Relations with the other religions in the multi-faith, multi-ethnic country have thus become a frequent topic of debate. Two Malaysian Islamic activists spoke with Qantara.de about democracy, the Islamization of society and their experiences with Europe
| Bild:
Dr. Farid Shahran is a member of the Malaysian NGO Angakatan Belia Islam Malaysia / Muslim Youth Movement of Malaysia (ABIM), which works in the educational and social sectors to improve civil society | Dr. Shahran, can an Islamic organization like ABIM play a formative role in spreading social change and reforms, and in the democratic process?
Farid Shahran: My organization is a nongovernmental organization; we are not a political party. But we are nonetheless strongly involved in the process of developing civil society here. We organize seminars and conferences and are engaged in the social sector. We are active throughout the country, sending our staff members to help people in need, and we also work in the field of education. All of this in our opinion strengthens democratic values. We want to make our own contribution, based on our religious beliefs.
In a pluralistic society like Malaysia, in which many religions coexist, doesn't the Islamization of politics contribute to a division in society?
| Bild:
Dr. Hatta Ramli is a leading member of the Malaysian opposition party Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS), which advocates a straightforward Islamization of Malaysian society | Hatta Ramli: Societies are always divided, for example along economic lines. But the main dividing lines are religious and ethnic. In Malaysia we have not yet experienced any major religious conflicts, but we did have rioting in 1969 based on ethnic strife. Responsible for the problems were enormous economic inequalities. As an Islamic party, we have not driven any kind of division. We must fight for the votes of Muslims as well as those of non-Muslims.
Shahran: I don't think that we split society. We consider the values we stand for, which also form the foundation of our work, to be universally applicable. They are just as valid for Muslims as they are for people of other faiths. Of course, our background always remains Islam, but we do not try to proselytize or to contribute to religious enmity. We want to improve human coexistence, irrespective of faith.
There are many prejudices against the Islamization of society, especially thanks to the rhetoric of the "war against terror." Dr. Shahran, do you see yourself criticized unjustly or limited in any way as an Islamic movement, on either the national or international levels?
Shahran: Because of prejudices both in the Western media and in the context of national conflicts, there is a tendency to stereotype all Muslims. Violence has nothing to do with the ideology of Islam. There are many reasons why radicalism and terrorism evolve, but they always have political roots and not religious ones. Some Islamic groups unfortunately link the conflicts with religion and faith. We, too, feel the prejudices, fear and skepticism that are projected onto us. But we are not extremist and do not encounter any problems with our work attributable to the fact that we are an Islamic organization.
Can Malaysia, as a country with religious pluralism and an Islamic state model, still build secular structures?
Ramli: The current system is working. And we do not believe that secularization is the right path. We want to work and live with religious people; we believe that this instills a system of values that is indispensable to our politics.
Shahran: Islam can coexist with any religion – that is the principle behind the faith. We concentrate on strengthening the community of Muslims. This doesn't mean that we simultaneously want to weaken others; we want to contribute to better understanding, but not to the secularization of the system.
What kind of experiences have you had with regard to the dialogue between the Islamic and non-Islamic worlds?
Shahran: For me, dialogue doesn't only mean finding out what we have in common. There are major differences in the interpretation of religion and religiosity. In the West, people see religion as something personal, while for us Muslims it is a way of life. This is why Islam intervenes in all areas of life. A dialogue must therefore address these differences in order to really bear fruit.
You have close contact with Germany, a western, European society. What are your personal impressions?
Ramli: In Germany, as part of Europe, a strong feeling of solidarity can be discerned, the "European Union feeling"! At the same time, we encounter here a fear of Islam and Sharia; people are suspicious of our political ambitions. But Germany is nonetheless seeking dialogue, not least because there are inner tensions here with the Muslims. Turkey, as a Muslim country, can likewise contribute to this dialogue – this is something that is not discussed enough.
Shahran: Many Muslims hope that Germany and the European Union will be able to offer a counterweight to the superpower USA. Germany should try to overcome its religious and cultural problems with the Muslims living on its own turf.
Interview: Anna Zwenger
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
